Since the stage was born, stage lighting has become a part of the stage. Stage lighting is important to highlight the four elements of vision, realism, aesthetics and performance. After many years of evolution. Gradually developed into a more complete and advanced lighting system today. The first prosperous period of the drama appeared in ancient Greece more than two thousand years ago. At that time, the theaters were open or semi-open. The lighting of the stage depends on the huge "lamp" in the sky-the sun, so it can only be performed during the day. The need for rest and entertainment at night, open-air performances susceptible to weather, and other objective drawbacks and the development of drama make stage lighting a problem that people must solve.
The success of the performance lighting design is marked by the proper handling of stage lighting. The stage lighting should not only illuminate the actors, let the audience see facial expressions, expressions and movements, but more importantly, make full use of lighting technology and mobilize lighting operations to strengthen the artistic effect and make the audience feel immersive.
The stage lighting is mainly caused by the combination of computer lights and other lamps. It is through different modeling scenes, different color changes, different viewing angles, horizontal and vertical light angle changes, and the speed, speed, strobe speed, and aperture size changes. , Focal length changes and other comprehensive performance. Then, before understanding the stage lighting technology, you must master these basic knowledge:
1. Visible light
Light is radiant energy that electricity propagates in the form of electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic wave radiation has a wide wavelength range, and only this part of the radiation with a wavelength of 380-760 nm can cause optical vision, which is called visible light. Light with a wavelength shorter than 380nm is ultraviolet, x-ray, and gamma rays; light longer than 760nm is infrared, radio waves, etc. They cannot produce optical vision for the human eye, that is, they are invisible. Therefore, light is an objectively existing energy and has a close connection with human subjective feelings.
Second, the classification of colors
Color can be divided into two categories: achromatic and color. Achromatic refers to white, light gray, gray to dark gray, to black, and is called the white-black series. Pure white is an ideal object with complete light reflection and its reflectivity is 1; pure black is an ideal object without reflection and its reflectivity is 0. Therefore, the achromatic white-black series represents the change of light reflectance of objects. We know that the light reflectance is proportional to the brightness, and the indoor white walls and ceiling can get a higher brightness. Color refers to various colors other than the white and black series. Color has three characteristics: hue, lightness and saturation, called the three elements of color.
Hue refers to the color presented. That is the names of various colors, such as red, green, blue, etc. It is related to the wavelength of light. Brightness (brightness) is how bright the color is. The brightness of different tones is different, even if the same tone is affected by the nature of the surface of the object and the intensity of the light, there will be a difference between light and dark, and shade. If it is also yellow, it can be light yellow, medium yellow, deep yellow, etc.
Saturation (Saturation) indicates the depth (shade) of the color, and can also be said to be the purity and vividness of the color. The higher the saturation, the deeper (dark) the color appears. The various monochromatic lights in the visible light are the most saturated color. The more white light is added to the spectral color, the more unsaturated it becomes. For example, red light is more saturated than pink light because white light is mixed into pink light. Generally speaking, in the same hue, when the brightness changes, the saturation also changes, but the increase or decrease of the brightness decreases the saturation, and the saturation (purity) is the largest only when the brightness is moderate. However, people always feel that bright colors always look brighter.
Three, three primary colors and color matching method
Red, green, and blue are called three primary colors. These three colors are mixed in different proportions and can produce various colors. There are two basic methods of color mixing: additive color mixing and subtractive color mixing.
The so-called additive color mixing is when different colors of light are mixed, they add their respective parts of the spectrum together to produce a new method of mixing colors. It indicates the color-forming relationship of light and color mixing. The three primary colors of red, green and blue can be obtained when mixed in equal amounts:
Red light + Green light = Yellow light Green light + Blue light = Cyan
Green light + Red light = Magenta light Red light + Green light + Blue light = White light
If different amounts of three primary colors are mixed, various intermediate colors can be obtained, for example:
More red light + less green light = orange light
More red light + less blue light = pink light
Subtractive color mixing is the mixing of different colors, each of which selectively absorbs the corresponding part of their spectrum from the incident light and produces a synthetic color effect. If any two colored lights add up and produce white light, these two colored lights are called complementary colors (complementary colors). For example, yellow and blue are complementary colors, cyan and red are complementary colors, and magenta and green are complementary colors. Therefore, yellow, cyan, and magenta are called blue reduction, red reduction, and green reduction, respectively, which means that the three complementary colors are made by subtracting a corresponding primary color from white light. Therefore, yellow, cyan and magenta can be called the three primary colors of subtractive color method.
When the three subtractive primary colors of yellow, magenta, and cyan overlap, black is produced. In the subtractive color process, the density changes of the three subtracted primary colors control the absorption ratios of red, green, and blue, respectively, to obtain various mixed colors, which can achieve the same effect as the additive color method.
4. Color and Vision
Color will give people a sense of warmth, distance, size and lightness, and often make people associate to form different psychological effects. These are the long-term visual habits formed by people.
Colors can usually be divided into three categories: cool colors, warm colors and neutral colors (intermediate colors). The coldness and warmth of colors are divided according to the visual response and psychological association caused by various colors to people. The red color reminds people of the heat of the fire, which produces a sense of warmth, called warm colors. Blue makes people think of cold water and gives people a sense of cold, so it is called cold color. Purple and green are neutral colors that are neither cold nor warm. Different colors can affect the size of the object's appearance. If you put together some objects of different colors and the same size, the visual perception will produce a pale white object. Dark black objects are small. In general, white objects look the largest, black objects look the smallest, yellow objects are larger, followed by green, red, and blue.
People's visual habits of color will also produce a sense of distance. Objects of different colors give people different visual perceptions at the same distance. Warm colors give people the feeling of moving forward, while cool colors seem to move away from the back. And the sense of distance that color gives to people is also affected by the background hue. For example, when white is the background, blue looks closer; when black is the background, red looks closest, followed by orange, yellow, green, blue, and purple. Using this feature can help us create a illusion of color stereoscopic and sense of distance.
The light and heavy sense of color is also a long-term visual habit formed by people. It is generally believed that white is the lightest and black is the heaviest. Among the three primary colors, green is the lightest, blue is the heaviest, and red is centered. There are two primary colors mixed in equal amounts to form a color, with light colors appearing light, and heavy colors appearing heavy. The weight of color is not only expressed by brightness and purity, but also by the size of the area occupied by color in the picture. Larger areas appear heavier and more attractive than small areas.
